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Lankesh P. Shewale ¹, Sheetal B. Gondkar ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ², Avinash B. Dareker ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The objective of this study was to design matrix tablets for oral sustained release of clopidogrel bisulfate and to investigate the sustained release behavior of the matrix tablets. Matrices were prepared by direct compression technique, melt method and microencapsulation using sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carnuba wax and ethyl cellulose as a release retardant. The FT-IR analysis indicated the stability and compatibility of drug with excipients. The formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and invitro drug release. The resulting formulations produced tablets with optimum hardness, uniform thickness, consistent weight uniformity and low friability. The results of dissolution studies indicated that formulations F2 batch exhibited good drug release pattern to provide sufficient concentration for achieving satisfactory therapeutic value for extended period of time. The drug release from F2 formulation was sustained upto 12 hrs. Tablet Fitting in-vitro drug release data from optimized matrix formulation to Korsmeyer Pappas model equation indicated that diffusion and erosion could be mechanism of drug release. Matrix tablet F2 showed no change in physical appearance, drug content after storage 40°C, 75% RH for 3 months.

Keywords

Matrix Tablet, Release Retardant, Diffusion, Clopidogrel Bisulfate.

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Sheetal B. Gondkar ¹, Shalaka P. Rasal ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Dendrimers are a interesting class of synthetic macromolecules having highly branched, three dimensional, nanoscale architecture with very low polydispersity and high functionality. These features have made their application in nanotechnology, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry particularly attractive. This review article is focused on different synthetic strategies used in dendrimer synthesis at commercial and laboratory scale. These synthetic strategies includes their own advantages and disadvantages. This review will cover divergent (from core to surface) and convergent (from surface to core) approaches used in dendrimer synthesis and the problems associated with these synthetic strategies. This article also covers the important applications of dendrimers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. This data of review is collected from various articles, research papers and patents available on dendrimers.

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Nikhil P. Mahalpure ¹, Sheetal B. Gondkar ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Conventional oral drug delivery systems supply continues release of drug, which cannot release of the drug and effective concentration at the target site. Drug can be delivered in a controlled manner over a long period of time by the process of osmosis. Osmotic devices are the most promising technique for controlled drug delivery. Osmotic drug delivery system is one among the controlled drug delivery employed orally and also as an implantable devices. Various patents available for osmotic drug delivery system like Rose-Nelson pump, Higuchi leeper pump, Higuchi Theeuwes pump, Elementary Osmotic pump etc. various techniques available for preparation of Osmotic Drug Delivery System include Push pull osmotic pump, Osmotic bursting osmotic pump, Liquid oral osmotic system, Sandwiched osmotic tablets, monolithic osmotic system and Controlled porosity osmotic pump. The present review is concerned with the study of drug release system which are tablets coated with walls of controlled porosity. When these system are exposed to water, low levels of water soluble additives is leached from polymeric material i.e. semi permeable membrane and drug releases in a controlled manner over an extended period of time. Drug delivery from this system is not influenced by the different physiological factors within the gut lumen and the release characteristics can be predicted easily from the known properties of the drug and the dosage form. In this paper, various type of osmotically controlled drug delivery systems and mainly the basic components and evaluation parameter of controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets have been discussed briefly.

Keywords

Osmotic Pump, Controlled-Porosity Osmotic Pump Tablet, Semi Permeable Membrane, Osmogent, Leachable Pore Formers.

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Nikita S. Malekar ¹, Sheetal B. Gondkar ¹, Bhushan A. Bhairav ¹, Pinak S. Paralkar ², Ravindra B. Saudagar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, KCT’S, Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics , KCT’S, Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KCT’S, Ravindra Gambhirrao College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Development of pH sensitive Naratriptan Hydrochloride in-situ nasal gel was aimed to improve absorption. In the present research work mixture of Carbopol-934 and Xanthan Gum were used to benefit pH sensitive gelation property. Different formulation were prepared by different concentrations of Carbopol-934 and Xanthan Gum .In this formulation the release profile depend on the concentration of Carbopol-934 and Xanthan Gum. These formulations were evaluated for parameters like pH, drug content, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, gel strength, in-vitro drug release, and drug and excipients compatability. A 3² factorial design was applied to see the effect of various Carbopol-934 (X₁) and Xanthan gum (X₂) on the various models to a certain kinetic of drug release. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were performed for dependent variables. The study indicates that the formulation was effective in providing in-vitro release of drug and the mucoadhesive formulation. The objective of this study was to formulate a intranasal gel for drug targeting directly to brain via olfactory lobe pathway.

Keywords

Anti-Migraine, Carbopol-934, Xanthan Gum, In-Situ Gelling System, pH Sensitive.

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